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World's oldest university: Evidence Glory of Islamic Civilization

Since the development of Islam into various regions, the number of Muslims even more. To improve the understanding of the religious community, the caliph who ruled from various Caliphate, such as the Abbasid, Fatimid, Ottoman, and Umayyad, to establish educational institutions.





During the period of the Islamic Caliphate, recorded some Islamic educational institutions are evolving from the past until now. Although some of them only in name. However, the names of Islamic educational institutions that have experienced the heyday and became a symbol of the glory of Islamic civilization.

Some of the educational institutions, among others; Nizamiya in Baghdad, Al-Azhar in Egypt, al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, and Sankore in Timbuktu, Mali, Africa. Each institution has a system and a highly developed educational curriculum at the time. From some of the institutions, successfully gave birth figures Muslim thinkers and scientists are highly respected world. For example, al-Ghazali, Ibn Ruysd, Ibn Sina, Ibn Khaldum, Al-Farabi, al-Khwarizmi and al-Ferdowsi.

To shorten the time, the following is given a brief profile of Islamic educational institutions, namely:
  • 1. Madrasah Nizamiya, Islamic Schools First
Other ideal Islamic educational institutions that were born from the heyday of Islam is University (Madrasah) Nizamiya. This college was founded by Nizam al-Mulk, the prime minister during the Seljuk sultanate Malik Shah, in the year 1066/1067 AD At that time, these institutions exist only in the city of Baghdad, the capital and administrative center of Islam at that time. Then, expansion to other cities and other areas. Among others in the city of Balkh, Nisabur, Isfahan, Mowsul, Basra, and Tibristan. And, the cities have become a center for the study of science and became well-known in the Islamic world at that time.

Philip K. Hitti writes in the History of the Arab Nation, Madrasah Nizamiya an early example of the colleges that provide adequate learning tool for the prosecution of science. Madrasah Nizamiya implement systems that approach the education system known sekarang.Madrasah Nizamiya the first Islamic university school systems. That is, in Madrasah Nizamiya predetermined time student enrollment, increase in level, as well as passing the final exam.

Additionally, Madrasah Nizamiya has had its own management in the management of funds, has facilities library containing more than 6,000 titles laboratory, and outstanding scholarship. Field includes disciplines taught religious (tafsir, hadith, fiqh, kalam, and others) and nonsensical disciplines (philosophy, logic, mathematics, medicine, and others). Curriculum curriculum Nizamiya become a reference for other educational institutions. However, the existence of Madrasah Nizamiya lasted until the 14th century, before the city of Baghdad was destroyed by the Mongols under the leadership of Ti nut Lenk in 1401 AD
  • 2. The University of Al-Qarawiyyin, Torch renaissance of the City of Fez
After Nizamiya, educational institutions is fairly modern and the oldest in the world is the University of al-Qarawiyyin, in Fez, Morocco. Guinness Book of Records (World Record Museum) noted, this institute is the first college in the world that provide a degree. The new title was awarded in 1998. According to Time Magazine issue of October 24, 1960, this institution was founded in the year 859 AD In his writings, Time magazine dubbed it as a Renaissance university in Fez.

Initially, the University of Al-Qarawiyyin is a Qairawaniyyin community, migrant communities from airawan, Tunisia in the city of Fez (Morocco). Communities make small circles in a mosque. During its development, the mosque which serves as a place of worship in halakha, many followed the locals. Finally, expanding to the educational institution. And the material covered more widespread, both religious and secular fields. Various areas served afford caught the attention of students from various parts of the world.

Since then, the scientific activity in the Masjid Al-Qarawiyyin turned into a college class scientific activity. The number of applicants who are interested in studying in the university multiply. These educational institutions had delivered a number of prominent Muslim leaders. Among these, Abu Abullah Al-Sati, Abu al-Abbas al-Zwawi, Ibn Rashid Al-Sabti, Ibn Al-Haj Al-Fasi, and Abu al-Fasi Sect, who led his generation in studying Maliki. Not surprisingly, then, the University of al-Qarawiyyin become the most prestigious universities in the Middle Ages.

Western civilization is also indebted to the University of Al-Qarawiyyin. This institution has an important role in the process of development of science in the West in the 15th century AD The supreme leader of Catholics, Pope Sylvester II, also a witness of the University of Al-Qarawiyyin excellence. Before becoming Pope, he was studying at leading universities and is a favorite.
  • 3. The University of Al-Azhar, the Islamic Educational Institutions Modern
One of the higher education institution is known modern al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. These institutions use the system of education in the late 10th AD by General Jauhar al-Sigli, a warlord of Daula Bani Fatimid in 972 AD The name of al-Azhar refers to the name of the Prophet Muhammad's daughter, Fatima bint Muhammad.

The university is connected with al-Azhar mosque. Masjid al-Azhar was founded in 969 AD Meanwhile, the university recently opened in the month of Ramadan or October 975 AD, when the Chief Justice, Abdul Hasan Ali ibn al-Nu'man, began teaching jurisprudence taken from the book Al-Iktishar .

Al-Azhar is known as an education institution applying modern teaching system. In the curriculum, there are a variety of materials disciplines. Among other things, theology, Islamic law, Arabic grammar, philosophy, and logic. Then, growing and began to teach the field of modern science and exact.

Since the center of culture and knowledge of Islam in the Andalusian city of Baghdad and destroyed after the invasion of the Mongols, the University of Al-Azhar became the only point of scholars around the world who want to study Islam and Arabic. To support this role, since the beginning of this university is equipped with a library and laboratories.

The existence of Al-Azhar as an Islamic educational institution and the modern world, also received recognition from Napoleon Bonaparte. In exile on the island of Saint Helena, Napoleon wrote a diary that it reveals his admiration for Al-Azhar University as the army was about to attack Egypt.

In his diary, he called Al-Azhar is a match for the Sorbonne University in Paris. Sorbonne is the oldest university in France. Then, in the period of the Ottoman Government, Al-Azhar grown into an institution that is financially independent with the source of funding comes from endowment funds.
Labels: Education Campus, Islamic Educational Institutions

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