What's Down Syndrome Mesothelioma

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Saturday 25 April 2015

• What's Down syndrome?

Down syndrome (also called trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder that occurs in about 1 out of 800 live births. It is a major cause of cognitive decline. Down syndrome is associated with mild to moderate learning difficulties, developmental delay, characteristic facial features, and low muscle tone in early infancy. Many people with Down syndrome also have heart defects, leukemia, early-onset Alzheimer's disease, gastro-intestinal problems, and other health problems. Down syndrome symptoms range from mild to severe.

Physical features and medical problems associated with Down syndrome can vary greatly from child to child. While some kids with DS need a lot of medical attention, others lead healthy lives. While some kids with DS need a lot of medical attention, others lead healthy lives.

Life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome have dramatically increased over recent decades as medical care and social inclusion has improved. A person with Down syndrome in good health will live on average until the age of 55 or more.

Down syndrome is named after Dr. Langdon Down, who in 1866 first described the syndrome as a disorder. Although Doctor Down made some important observations about Down syndrome, he does not really identify what causes the disorder. It was not until 1959 that scientists discovered the genetic origins of Down syndrome. 

• What basic chromosome Down syndrome?

Additional copies of genes on chromosome 21 is responsible for all characteristics associated with Down syndrome. Typically, each human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes are different. Each chromosome carries the gene, which is needed for proper development and maintenance of our bodies. At conception, an individual inherits 23 chromosomes from the mother (via the egg) and 23 chromosomes from the father (through sperm cells).

However, sometimes a person inherits an extra chromosome from one parent. In Down syndrome, the most frequently an individual inherits two copies of chromosome 21 from the mother and one chromosome 21 from the father to a total of three chromosome 21. Because Down syndrome is caused by inherited three chromosome 21, this disorder also called trisomy 21. About 95% of individuals with Down syndrome inherit an extra chromosome whole 21.

About 3% to 4% of individuals with Down syndrome inherit an extra chromosome is not the whole 21, but only a few extra chromosome 21 gene, which is attached to another chromosome (chromosome usually 14). Most of the time, translocation is a random event during fertilization. However, in some instances, parents are carriers of a balanced translocation: Parents have exactly two copies of chromosome 21, but some genes are distributed to other chromosomes. If a baby inherits an extra chromosome with genes from chromosome 21, then the child would have Down syndrome (two chromosome 21 genes plus an extra chromosome 21 attached to another chromosome).

Approximately 2% to 4% of people with Down syndrome inherit an extra gene from chromosome 21, but not in every cell of the body. This is known as mosaic Down syndrome. This individual may, for example, has inherited the genes of an extra 21st chromosome in their muscle cells, but not in other cell types. Because the percentage of cells with an extra chromosome 21 gene from varied in people with mosaic Down syndrome, they often do not have all the characteristics of typical physical and intellectual might not be as severely impaired as a person with full trisomy 21. Occasionally, very mild mosaic Down syndrome that it would not be detected. On the other hand, mosaic Down syndrome can also be misdiagnosed as trisomy 21, if no genetic test has been done. 

• What Causes It?

Normally, at the time of conception a baby inherits genetic information from its parents in the form of 46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. Usually, at the moment of conception a baby inherits genetic information from parents in the form of 46 chromosomes: 23 from the mother and 23 from the father. In most cases of Down syndrome, a child gets an extra chromosome 21 - for a total of 47 chromosomes instead of 46. In most cases of Down syndrome, a child gets an extra chromosome 21 - for a total of 47 chromosomes, instead of 46. It's this extra genetic material that causes the physical features and developmental delays associated with DS. It's this extra genetic material that causes the physical features and developmental delays associated with DS.

Although no one knows for sure why DS Occurs and there's no way to Prevent the chromosomal error that causes it, scientists do know that women age 35 and older have a Significantly higher risk of having a child with the condition. Although no one knows for sure why DS occurs and there is no way to prevent the chromosomal error that causes it, scientists know that women age 35 and older have a higher risk of having a child with the condition. At age 30, for example, a woman has about a 1 in 900 chance of conceiving a child with DS. At age 30, for example, a woman has about 1 out of 900 chance of conceiving a child with DS. Those odds increase is to about 1 in 350 by age 35. Those odds increase to about 1 in 350 age of 35. By 40 the risk rises to about 1 in 100. The risk increases 40 to about 1 in 100.

• How common is Down syndrome?

Down syndrome occurs in about 1 out of 740 newborns.

• What genetic changes associated with Down syndrome?

Most cases of Down syndrome results from trisomy 21, which means that every cell in the body has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual two copies. Additional genetic material interfere with normal development, causing the characteristics of Down syndrome.

A small portion of people with Down syndrome have an extra copy of chromosome 21 in only a few cells of the body. In these people, the condition is called mosaic Down syndrome.

Down syndrome can also occur when part of chromosome 21 becomes attached (translocated) to another chromosome during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs and sperm) or very early in fetal development. affected people have two copies of chromosome 21, plus extra material from chromosome 21 attached to another chromosome. individuals affected by genetic alteration is said to have translocation Down syndrome.

• Down syndrome can be inherited?

Most cases of Down syndrome is not inherited. When this condition is caused by trisomy 21, a chromosomal abnormality occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells. disorder that usually occurs in the egg, but sometimes occurs in sperm cells. An error in cell division called nondisjunction results in reproductive cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes. For example, an egg or sperm cell may gain an extra copy of chromosome 21. If one atypical reproductive cells contributes to the genetic makeup of a child, the child will have an extra chromosome 21 in every cell of the body.

Mosaic Down syndrome is also not inherited. It occurs as a random event during cell division in fetal development. As a result, some of the body's cells have the usual two copies of chromosome 21, and other cells have three copies of this chromosome.

Translocation Down syndrome can be inherited. People who are affected can carry a rearrangement of genetic material between chromosome 21 and another chromosome. This arrangement is called a balanced translocation because there is no extra material from chromosome 21. Although they do not have signs of Down syndrome, the person who brings the kind of balanced translocation are at an increased risk of having a child with the condition.

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